Section description:This section teaches learners how to build a business case that justifies launching a Pre-Commercial Procurement. Starting from the EAFIP Step-by-Step Methodology, it positions the business case as Step 4 — after Needs Assessment, SOTA Analysis, and OMC — and shows how evidence gathered in prior steps feeds directly into economic justification. The core of every business case is a Cost-Benefit Analysis: identifying all cost categories (procurement costs, CAPEX, OPEX), quantifying internal and external benefits, and computing Net Present Value (NPV) at a public-sector discount rate.The theory is immediately grounded in a real PCP case: ARCHIVER (Archiving and Preservation for Research Environments), a CERN-led buyers group that ran a three-phase competitive R&D procurement (Jan 2019 – Jun 2022, €3.4M R&D budget) and produced two commercially viable SaaS services — Arkivum and Libnova — now available through the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). João Fernandes (CERN) presents the full arc: challenge definition, procurement methodology, agile R&D execution, resulting services, and lessons learned.The section closes with a hands-on group exercise: learners build a real NPV business case for Adaptive Legionella Control at CERN using a pre-structured Google Sheet (Years 0–8 timeline, 3.5% discount rate, auto-calculated NPV), then present their results.By completing this section, learners will be able to:- Explain the purpose of a business case in the context of innovation procurement and place it correctly in the EAFIP methodology - Conduct a Cost-Benefit Analysis: identify relevant cost categories (CAPEX, OPEX, procurement costs) and quantify both internal and external benefits - Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) and interpret the result as a go/no-go signal for procurement - Assess five categories of risk (technical, financial, operational, market, political/legal) and propose mitigation strategies - Describe how PCP's phased competitive structure inherently reduces R&D risk - Analyse the ARCHIVER PCP as a complete real-world example — from challenge to resulting commercial services - Build a Year 0–8 cost/benefit model using the exercise Google Sheet and present key findingsNumber of lessons:3Estimated duration: ~2 hoursQuiz: Section 5 Quiz — Business Case and NPV (7 questions, 70% pass mark)